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The central nervous system (CNS) includes the cerebrum, cerebellum, brain stem, and spinal cord (Fig. 1) plus a few scary-sounding structures situated between the brain stem and cerebrum; namely, the diencephalon (Which includes everything with the name "thalamus;" i.e. the thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus and subthalamus) and the basal ganglia (which includes the caudate nucleus, the globus pallidus, the putamen, claustrum, and amygdala).
Fortunately, it is clinically unimportant to have a detailed understanding of the connections of the diencephalon and basal ganglia.
CEREBELLUM, BASAL GANGLIA,
Clinically, it is not very important to know the complex internal connections of the thalamus, cerebellum and basal ganglia, and these will not be emphasized.
The thalamus is a sensory relay and integrative center connecting with many areas of the brain including the cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, hypothalamus and brain stem.
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